Cordyceps, a type of mushroom found in snow leopard habitat in Bhutan and other parts of the Himalayas. Photo Wikipedia.

Dr Rinjan Shrestha is a conservation scientist for WWF-US, Eastern Himalayas Program and he’s currently in the small Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan working on a project researching snow leopards and mushrooms. Rinjan recently led a survey team that captured the first photographic evidence through camera trap survey that snow leopards are thriving in Wangchuck Centennial Park.

He is back in the field in Bhutan and sent a short report of his current activities to “Saving Snow Leopards” Blog.

“For my assignment in Bhutan, I am currently working in the central range (27° 51’ N, 90° 39’ E) of the Wangchuck Centennial Park.  Our objective has been to count blue sheep numbers and estimate snow leopard population in the region by employing direct counts and camera-trap surveys, respectively. So far, we have completed blue sheep counts. The camera traps were systematically laid out in late winter and early spring this year. I expect the first round of data to arrive by the last week of May, 2012.  I’m also planning to assess the impact of Cordyceps (mushroom) collection on the activity and movement of snow leopards in the region.

Cordyceps is a type of fungi (mushroom) also called the Chinese caterpillar and the name intriguingly means “summer plant and winter insect” because of its changing appearance in the seasons. They have for hundreds of years been regarded as medicinal by the Tibetans and Chinese and are collected by people in the high ranges of snow leopard habitat.

From left: Gempo Wangdi, Tenzing Wangdi, Dr Rinjan Shrestha, Leki Dorje, Nawang Tashi and Tenzing.

The information collected by Rinjan and his team  is vital to understand the health of snow leopard populations in this part of Bhutan and we look forward to hearing the outcome of his work in months to come.

Rinjan says “The photo here shows my field crew, consisting of park ranger, Tenzing Wandga, forester Leki Dorje (an expert high-altitude botanist), forester Nawang Tashi and intern Gempo Wangdi. We were also accompanied by Chhokpa, the headman of the Nasphelle village, and Tenzing, a horseman with 12 horses, who is always ready to fix tents, bags and boots with his magic needles and yak hair threads.”

You can read more on the WWF Blog.

Amazing footage of two wild snow leopards sniffing out all the prey that come into their territory has been filmed as part of a survey in Bhutan’s newest national park. The film shows a number of cats scent marking around a particular rock and then all the prey animals that came to the rock in the days after. It shows Tibetan wolf, threatened Himalayan serow (a wild goat), musk deer and a number of blue sheep. All of these animals are prey for the snow leopard living in Wangchuck Centennial Park in Bhutan.
Field biologists from the Government of Bhutan and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) captured over 10,000 images during the camera trap survey. “The findings are phenomenal as these are the first snow leopard images recorded in Wangchuck Centennial Park,” said WWF’s Dr. Rinjan Shrestha, who led the survey team. “It suggests that the network of protected areas and corridors is helping to link local snow leopard populations, which will be invaluable to ensure long-term persistence of snow leopards in the region.”
Read more here.

Local yak herders guide research team to locations where snow leopards are likely to be. Photo Tshewang Wangchuk.

Tshewang Wangchuk of the tiny Kingdom of Bhutan in the Himalayas is breaking new ground with snow leopard research techniques that don’t involve capture and collaring of the cats. Instead, Tshewang, who is the Bhutan Foundation’s Conservation Adviser and recipient of a National Geographic Society Waitt grant, has collected almost 300 hundred snow leopard droppings (scat).

Remains of blue sheep, a wild sheep that is snow leopard prey. Photo Tshewang Wangchuk.

The scat will be analysed to establish the population of the cats and the areas of their preferred habitat. So far it looks like the western part of Bhutan has more snow leopards, it is both drier than the east and also has more prey like the wild blue sheep.

“We want to see how effective it is to use noninvasive techniques. Other research methods are very intensive and you have to put in a lot of effort. For each scat sample collected we use GPS co-ordinates so later on we can go back and see which animal was found in which area and find out how connected animals are. It will not be very long before we come up with a population estimate.”

Field staff getting training with mapping, sampling, monitoring techniques. Photo Tshewang Wangchuk.

Tshewang also involves local people and local researchers in this work.

“We find the locals have a treasure trove of knowledge. There is a lot of indigineous knowledge that provides us with information of what the animals do and where they are. Local people not only have knowledge but they are very dedicated and take great interest in what we are trying to do.

“We need to build capacity at local level. We can’t always depend on a biologist flying in from London or from New York, coming in and doing our research for us and then leave and we don’t have the capacity. With this intention we place a lot of emphasis on empowering local researchers with training and equipment.”

See National Geographic video of Tshewang’s snow leopard research here.

Karma Wangchuk in mountains of Bhutan, a keen conservationist, teacher, poet and artist.

Karma Wangchuk from Bhutan, the tiny Himalayan “Kingdom of the Thunder Dragon” sent me some beautiful paintings and poems about snow leopards.

Karma teaches English at the College of Education in Paro, one of Bhutan’s main towns. He’s a keen nature lover and loves cooking, trekking, travelling, drama, dance, gardening and music. He has contributed paintings for the book “The Mammals of Bhutan.”

I was really impressed with Karma’s enthusiasm for his country’s environment and the endangered snow leopards there. As a teacher I’m sure he’ll be able to have a powerful influence over the way his country’s younger generation respond to wildlife like snow leopards in the coming years.

Karma’s interest in snow leopards was inspired by George Schaller’s very first pictures of snow leopard in the wild in the National Geographic magazine and like many of us, reading that wonderful book by Peter Matthiessen “The Snow Leopard”.

Karma's beautiful painting of a snow leopard. He travelled to India many times to see snow leopards in a Zoo there to do this lovely work.

As he’s never seen a snow leopard in the wild in Bhutan (neither have most people), Karma went all the way to a zoo in northern India, eight times, to see the snow leopard he’s painted in these lovely works. True dedication.

Bhutan (and the world) needs people like Karma!

The Emblem of Bhutan, tiny kingdom in the Himalayas and home to snow leopards

Karma’s Poems
I am a leopard of the snow
When the summer is high my spots glow.
Beware! It is a fatal force.
I am as silent as spirit
And as swift as the wind,
I am ever watching you
Though you do not see me,
You try to trace me
But I cannot be,
I live a lofty life
Where the snow meet the space
And where cold is second death.
I am the leopard of the snow
And when you steal my glow
You humans!
It will perhaps be my last glow.

——-

Higher! Higher still
Than the tricky towering peaks,
Challenging the prowess
Of this awe-inspiring denizen;
In the land of Yeti,
With its jagged rocks
And abyss of death.
Vast, virgin snow
Numbly awaiting gloom
In its unseen clutch.
But the spirit sneaks up undeterred,
Nonchalant stare, shunning vertigo,
Humbling every pass and peak.

Rejoice in this feline face!
Pass the tidings of its regal grace!
Always there and always aware,
Princess of snow,
Princess less known
To this dreary world of restless souls.

Bhutanese King wearing his traditional yellow robe. Photo by Sibylle

Bhutan is the tiny Himalayan kingdom east of Nepal and south of China, that invented the idea of “gross national happiness” being as important as “gross national product. With a population of  only 600,000 (mainly Buddhists), the country’s mountains are excellent habitat for the endangered snow leopard.

I visited Bhutan recently and spoke to many local people who knew about snow leopards but who’d never seen one and didn’t know anyone who had. The current young King is very pro-environment. Projects were visible everywhere during my visit, like school kids doing community work cleaning up litter every Saturday morning in the main towns and a town in the hills being converted to solar energy because the endangered Black cranes were killing themselves on the electricity lines each season as they came to feed.

Map of Bhutan. Source Wikipedia

There are probably only about 100-200 snow leopards left in the wild in Bhutan and WWF is working with Bhutan government agencies on snow leopard conservation. So far they’ve set up a payment scheme for livestock killed by snow leopard in order to stop retribution killing, taught local staff conservation practices and set up an antipoaching squad. Let’s hope this work leads to more “gross national happiness” for Bhutanese people and the snow leopards sharing their magnificent mountains.

Bhutanese kids. Photo by Sibylle.

Today the Bhutanese Prime Minister Lyonchhoen Jigmi Y Thinley inaugurated the second largest protected area in the tiny Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan. Called Wangchuck Centenary Park (WCP) it is named after the ruling monarchy whose conservation vision made it possible. Covering about 3,736 km sq of the north-central region of the country this new park connects small fragmented pieces of previous parks.

When I was travelling in Bhutan last year I saw some of these beautiful areas but noticed that the villagers were struggling to build sustainable livelihoods. That’s now also been addressed with the new park expected to support local communities through community tourism and home-stays for tourist accommodation.

The park area is host to endangered mammals such as snow leopards and Himalayan black bear which now range across large linked areas of their habitat, areas that are big enough to support prey species needed by snow leopards to survice.

Bhutan currently has an active snow leopard conservation project that is confirming population numbers and range for the animal as well as collecting DNA samples for analysis. See some photographs.